Glossary
Self-categorization theory
What is self-categorization theory?
Self-categorization theory explains how people see themselves and others as members of groups, and how those group identities affect perception and behavior.
How it works
Turner's theory distinguishes seeing yourself as an individual, a member of a social group, or a human being. The relevant category can change with the situation. A Scottish person might emphasize being Scottish while in England and being British while in Japan.
Comparison context and accentuation
When a group identity becomes prominent, the theory predicts accentuation: members of the relevant group are perceived as more alike, and differences from the comparison group become more pronounced on relevant dimensions. The comparison matters.
Two colleagues may see shared workplace habits when comparing their company with another, but emphasize team allegiance when comparing football supporters. This does not mean they become alike in every respect. The response depends on the group and its norms. Haslam and Turner (1992) examine this relationship between the comparison context, self-categorization and accentuation.
Example
Two colleagues may focus on their shared workplace identity during the week and their rival football clubs at a match. A change in group identity does not require hostility or erase their relationship.
Why it matters
The same person's behavior can vary across settings without their whole personality changing. Group identity is one way to study that variation.