By Jason Hreha

Glossary

Subgenual Cortex

Reviewed by Jason Hreha

Published 2 min read

What is the subgenual cortex?

The subgenual cortex lies below the genu, or bend, of the corpus callosum. It is discussed in research on mood and motivation as part of connected brain circuits, including the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC).

Subgenual cortex, sgACC, and area 25

“Subgenual” describes a position below the genu. In this region, the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex is often abbreviated sgACC. Brodmann area 25 is one component, not an exact synonym for every use of the broader label. Anatomical mapping distinguishes area 25 from neighboring subgenual portions of areas 24 and 32 and a ventral portion of area 33.

This distinction matters when comparing studies: a finding in one mapped cortical area need not apply to the entire region, and stimulation of nearby white matter is not the same as measuring activity in area 25 alone.

Why researchers study it

The region connects with areas involved in emotion, including the amygdala, hippocampus, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Differences in activity have been studied in mood disorders. An association does not identify one cause of a disorder or a treatment target that will help everyone.

Deep brain stimulation

Experimental deep brain stimulation has targeted subcallosal cingulate white matter in treatment-resistant depression. A randomized trial of 90 participants found no significant difference in response between active and sham stimulation during its six-month blinded phase.

The trial concerns that target and protocol. Serious device- or surgery-related events occurred. The result does not settle every future approach, but it does not support a general claim that stimulation of this region is an effective treatment.

Why it matters

A brain region can be relevant to understanding a disorder without giving us a proven way to treat it.

Sources and further reading